There are a lot of questions about the most promising vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna. Both, Pfizer and Moderna, have reported high rates of effectiveness. Pfizer reporting 90% efficacy and Moderna even 94.5%. Surely, there are doubts about the new vaccines. Have they been tested long enough and what type of side effects will we be experiencing? But we try to answer 3 basic questions:
1, Why are these vaccines different?
Moderna and Pfizer’s vaccine uses a new technology known as messenger RNA, or mRNA. mRNA works by delivering genetic instructions that teach human cells to make a protein resembling one found on the surface of the coronavirus. That triggers an immune response designed to protect vaccinated people if they are later exposed to the actual virus. Scientist seems to be optimistic about the developments because the fact that two different vaccines made by two different companies with two different kinds of structures, in a new messenger RNA concept and both working so effectively could confirm that the concept is a viable strategy not only for Covid-19 or other infectious diseases but may be even cancer etc. threats. If approved, this would be the first mRNA vaccine on the markets.
2. Will the vaccine work on everyone?
It is unclear currently if the vaccine will provide stronger protection for the elderly. People aged 65 and over were used in both trials for the vaccines, but more analysis has to be done to get a clearer picture. The trial run by Pfizer, from September on included teenagers as young as 16. In October, Pfizer launched a new trial on children as young as 12 and plan to work their way to younger ages. The Moderna trial did not include children at all. So, it is early days to conclude if the vaccine actually works for everyone.
3. What about the logistical issues?
Both vaccines must be stored and transported at very low temperatures, which could add complications to their distribution, particularly in low-income areas with hot climates. However, the good news regarding Moderna’s vaccine is that it has a longer shelf life in the refrigerator than previously thought: 30 days. It will last 12 hours at room temperature.
Sven Franssen